引入地形因子的无人机遥感精准管理分区研究

根据作物长势的空间差异对耕地进行精准管理分区,可以指导田间变量管理,漫川漫岗黑土区地形复杂,分区时应考虑微地形对作物的影响.以典型黑土区玉米田块为研究区,利用1.1m空间分辨率的无人机多光谱影像提取玉米大喇叭口期(播种后约45 d)归一化植被指数(Normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI),分别结合4种地形因子(高程、坡度、地形起伏度、地表粗糙度),通过面向对象分割方法进行分区,并利用产量数据对分区结果进行评价,对比无人机影像结合不同地形因子分区的精度.结果 表明:研究地块产量、土壤养分及植株生理参数均存在显著变异性,产量与地形存在相关性;相较使用单期NDVI分区,结合地形因子能够显著提高分区精度;结合不同地形因子后,无人机分区精度变化存在差异,NDVI同时结合4种地形因子的分区精度最高,其次分别为结合高程、地形起伏度、坡度、地表粗糙度.研究结果证明了NDVI与地形因子结合作为输入量提高分区精度的可行性,为精准施肥及其他田间变量管理提供了理论基础,为智慧农业的发展提供新思路.     

马疱疹病毒1型主要毒力基因分析及TK基因缺失载体的构建

为了解新疆马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1）主要毒力基因遗传进化情况并构建TK基因缺失株，本研究以EHV-1 XJ2015株DNA为模板，对其主要毒力基因TK、gI和gE全长进行克隆、测序及生物信息学分析，并扩增TK基因左右重组臂TKL和TKR，构建质粒pUC-TKLR，将扩增后的增强绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP，含有CMV+polyA）插入pUC-TKLR质粒，构建TK基因缺失打靶质粒。TK、gI和gE基因同源性分析结果显示，XJ2015株与国外EHV-1分离株TK、gI和gE基因同源性均较高，分别为99.8%~100.0%、99.6%~100.0%和99.9%~100.0%；与EHV-3分离株同源性均最低，分别为72.9%、59.4%和62.1%；遗传进化分析显示，3个基因均与国外EHV-1同属于一个遗传进化分支，与EHV-9和EHV-4进化关系较近，但与EHV-3进化关系较远，表明XJ2015毒株与国外EHV-1毒株TK、gI、gE基因核苷酸上差异不明显，没有明显的地域性特征，功能基因保守且进化缓慢，同源基因功能相同或相近；经PCR扩增、酶切、测序及转染鉴定，本试验成功构建了用于TK基因缺失的打靶质粒pUC-TKLR-EGFP。通过对EHV-1主要毒力基因的分析及TK基因缺失打靶载体的构建，为新疆地区马鼻肺炎流行病学调查分析、TK基因缺失株的构建提供理论依据。     

2000-2014年宁夏草地蒸散时空特征及演变规律

蒸散是水文-生态过程耦合的纽带,对草地生态系统的稳定性十分重要,研究生态环境脆弱地区草地生态系统蒸散变化特征对于区域农牧业发展、生态恢复与重建和构建生态屏障意义明显。基于2000-2014年MOD16地表蒸散数据,利用回归分析、相关分析和重新标度极差分析等方法,研究了宁夏草地近15年的蒸散时空分布格局与演变规律,并讨论了可能影响因素。结果表明,2000-2014年,宁夏草地蒸散量介于177.51~274.43 mm,平均值为228.03 mm;受降水的年际波动影响,全区草地蒸散量在近15年呈不显著的上升趋势(P>0.05),不同类型草地的年蒸散量和月蒸散变化动态差异明显;从空间上来看,宁夏草地的多年平均蒸散量存在较强的空间异质性,呈现南高北低的分布格局,北部最低为135.84 mm,南部最高可达732.12 mm,但波动性不强;近15年,宁夏北部草地的蒸散以下降为主,降幅自北向南递减,中部和南部以上升为主,增幅自北向南递增,但大部分区域的蒸散变化幅度较小,总体变化不显著;未来,全区草地蒸散的正向特征显著,趋势发生反转的草地比例较小;降水量是决定全区草地蒸散空间分布格局和年际波动的主要因素,人类生产活动主导的土地利用类型变化对局部蒸散的影响不容忽视。     

Growth performance and whole‐body composition of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson) under feeding restriction

Fish growth is an important index in aquaculture practice. However, the effect of growth under restricted feeding on quality of fish grown to the same size remains poorly unknown. In this study, yellow catfish were reared by feeding them at three different feeding rates such as low (FR‐L group), medium (FR‐M group) and high (apparent satiation) ration levels for 82, 58 and 34 days to reach the same size, respectively. After this period, the growth performance, whole‐body amino acid composition and fatty acid profile of the fish were evaluated. Feeding restriction led to significant decreases in specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. Significant increases in dry matter, protein and energy contents were observed in fish under both restricted feeding treatments. FR‐L‐treated fish had significantly lower whole‐body essential amino acid contents, and significantly higher Ala and non‐essential amino acid contents compared to fish fed to satiation. Fish in restricted feeding treatments had significantly higher n‐3 PUFA and n‐3/n‐6 ratio compared to the fish fed to satiation. The present results indicate that from a quality perspective, there are certain advantages in improvement of whole‐body composition and enrichment of n‐3 PUFA associated with the restricted feeding of yellow catfish at slow growth rate.     

薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传分析

为研究薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传规律,利用4份材料做亲本构建4个杂交组合,观察并记录其F 1、F 2植株的性状特征和分离比例。结果显示,紫色柱头相对于白色为显性,各F 2群体植株的柱头颜色分离比皆符合3∶1比例,说明紫色柱头是由1对显性等位基因控制。     

野生大豆内生真菌对作物促生作用的研究

为了实现绿色生态农业、农作提质增效,加快生防菌剂的研发进度。本研究利用具有广谱拮抗玉米大斑病和大豆疫霉病野生大豆内生真菌Y6R15和Y2S2为试材,通过菌液灌根和叶喷处理,分析不同处理下玉米和大豆苗期干物质和根系指标的变化。结果表明：拮抗菌株Y6R15对玉米叶片和根干重促生作用明显,均提高根长度、根表面积、根体积、根尖数等指标,以根冠比指标标准Y6R15叶喷效果为最佳方式,依据根系指标特征变化Y6R15灌根效果好于叶喷。拮抗菌株Y2S2和Y6R15处理均对大豆有促生作用,效果显著,Y6R15菌株对玉米和大豆均有促生作用。     

Seedling and adult plant resistance to leaf rust in 46 Chinese bread wheat landraces and 39 wheat lines with known Lr genes

Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is an important foliar disease that has an important influence on wheat yield.The most economic,safe and effective way to control the disease is growing resistant cultivars.In the present study,a total of 46 wheat landraces and 34 wheat lines with known Lr(leaf rust resistance)genes were inoculated with 16Pt pathotypes for postulating seedling resistance gene(s)in the greenhouse.These cultivars and five wheat differential lines with adult plant resistance(APR)genes(Lr12,Lr22b,Lr34,Lr35 and Lr37)were also evaluated for identification of slow rusting resistance in the field trials in Baoding,Hebei Province of China in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 cropping seasons.Furthermore,10 functional molecular markers closely linked to 10 known Lr genes were used to detect all the wheat genotypes.Results showed that most of the landraces were susceptible to most of the Pt pathotypes at seedling stage.Nonetheless,Lr1 was detected only in Hongtangliangmai.The field experimental test of the two environments showed that 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance.Seven cultivars possessed Lr34 but none of the landraces contained Lr37 and Lr46.Lr genes namely,Lr9,Lr19,Lr24,Lr28,Lr29,Lr47,Lr51 and Lr53 were effective at the whole plant stage.Lr18,Lr36 and Lr45 had lost resistance to part of pathotypes at the seedling stage but showed high resistance at the adult plant stage.Lr34 as a slowing rusting gene showed good resistance in the field.Four race-specific APR genes Lr12,Lr13,Lr35 and Lr37 conferred good resistance in the field experiments.Seven race-specific genes,Lr2b,Lr2c,Lr11,Lr16,Lr26,Lr33 and LrB had lost resistance.The 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance to wheat leaf rust can be used as resistance resources for wheat resistance breeding in China.     

Genome-wide detection of selective signatures in a Jinhua pig population

The aim of this study was to detect evidence for signatures of recent selection in the Jinhua pig genome. These results can be useful to better understand the regions under selection in Jinhua pigs and might shed some lights on groups of genes that control production traits. In the present study, we performed extended haplotype homozygosity(EHH) tests to identify significant core regions in 202 Jinhua pigs. A total of 26 161 core regions spanning 636.42 Mb were identified, which occupied approximately 28% of the genome across all autosomes, and 1 158 significant(P0.01) core haplotypes were selected. Genes in these regions were related to several economically important traits, including meat quality, reproduction, immune responses and exterior traits. A panel of genes including ssc-mir-365-2, KDM8, RABEP2, GSG1L, RHEB, RPH3AL and a signal pathway of PI3K-Akt were detected with the most extreme P-values. The findings in our study could draw a comparatively genome-wide map of selection signature in the pig genome, and also help to detect functional candidate genes under positive selection for further genetic and breeding research in Jinhua and other pigs.